![]() ![]() In constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy x and y descents can be extremely prominent and rapid and the corresponding a and v wave ascents are notably abrupt. Abnormal X and Y DescentsĪn absent x descent can result from tricuspid regurgitation. (often called a cv wave or s wave as it begins during the c wave) It is specific but not sensitive for tricuspid regurgitation as a large and compliant atrium can mitigate the effect of the regurgitation on the jugular vein wave forms.Ītrial septal defect also can result in a larger v wave that equals the a wave in its size. The most common cause is tricuspid regurgitation. ![]() The v wave is increased when there is increased atrial filling during systole. Causes of cannon a wave are av dissociation from heart block or pacers and premature ventricular contraction.Ībsent a wave: In atrial fibrillation, the a wave is absent. Giant a waves occur on every beat while cannon a waves result from arrhythmias and, therefore, are intermittent and on a minority of beat. ![]() Thus it may indicate right ventricular outflow obstruction, pulmonary vascular obstruction, chronic pulmonary disease, elevated pulmonary wedge pressure form any cause or congestive, hypertrophic or restrictive cardiomyopathy. This is usually due to decreased compliance of the right ventricle due to right ventricular hypertrophy. Tricuspid regurgitation, constrictive percarditisĬonstrictive pericarditis, severe right heart failure, tricuspid regurgitation, atrial septal defectĭiscussion Abnormal A Wave Abnormally Prominent A Wave Tricuspid stenosis, right atrial myxoma, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonic stenosisĪtrioventricular dissociation, ventricular tachycardia ] Differential Diagnosis: Neck Veins Abnormal Pulsations Abnormalities of the Venous Waveforms Waveform ![]()
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